Clinical manifestations of renal failure

Can be divided into three periods:
First, oliguria ① most of the pioneer symptoms in 12-24 hours after the onset of oliguria (daily urine output 50-400ml) or anuria. Generally lasts for 2-4 weeks. ② may have anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hiccups, dizziness, headache, irritability, anemia, bleeding tendency, breathing deep and fast, and even coma, convulsions. ③ accumulation of metabolites: blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, etc. increased. Metabolic acidosis occurs. ④ electrolyte disorders: may have high blood potassium, hyponatremia, high blood magnesium, high blood phosphorus, low calcium and so on. Especially hyperkalemia. Severe cases can lead to cardiac arrest. ⑤ water balance imbalance, easy to produce too much water retention slip; severe lead to heart failure, pulmonary edema or brain edema. ⑥ easy to secondary respiratory system and urinary tract infection.
Second, polyuria after oliguria urine output gradually increased, when the daily urine output more than 500ml, that is, into the polyuria period. Since then, urine output doubled daily, the maximum daily urine output 3000-6000ml, or even up to 10,000ml or more. In the polyuria initial, although the increase in urine output, but the kidney clearance rate is still low, the accumulation of metabolites in the body still exists. About 4-5 days later, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and so on with the urine increased gradually decreased, uremic symptoms also improved. Potassium, sodium, chlorine and other electrolytes from the urine can cause a large number of electrolyte discharge or dehydration, should pay attention to the peak period of oliguria may be changed to hypokalemia. This period lasts for 1-3 weeks.

Third, the recovery of urine gradually returned to normal, 3-12 months of gradual recovery of renal function, most patients with renal function can be restored to normal levels, only a small number of patients to chronic renal failure.

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