Pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis

1, immune complex deposition in glomerular epithelial cells:Epithelial cells are damaged, the surface of the C3b receptor will further induce a large number of immune complex deposition to the epithelium, leading to the formation of membranous nephropathy. If only under the optical microscope glomerular epithelial cell swelling, electron microscopy can be seen under the extensive integration of epithelial cell fossa flattened, compared with minimal changes in kidney disease, the vast majority of cases the prognosis is good.

2, immune complex deposition in the glomerular mesangial area:A large number of immune complex deposition of glomerular mesangial area, to attract inflammatory mediators infiltration, resulting in inflammatory response. Leading to renal mesangial cell damage, so that mesangial cell proliferation, contraction. Mesangial cell proliferation, mesangial matrix increased, which is mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, this time if there is endothelial cell proliferation, is the capillary hyperplastic glomerulonephritis.  

With the cell secretion of the media, increased matrix, capillary stenosis, resulting in ischemia and hypoxia, while mesangial cells in the inflammatory mediator and matrix under the role of phenotype into myofibroblasts, a large number of extracellular matrix production, Conditional deterioration, renal fibrosis progress; mesangial cell contraction, resulting in less filtration area, filtration scores decreased, the basement membrane damage, increased permeability, useful material leakage; and then the phagocytic function of mesangial cells decreased, So that the immune function decreased, macromolecules can not be swallowed, a large number of accumulation eventually make the mesangial cell phenotype into myofibroblasts, the secretion of ECM is not easy to be degraded, healthy kidney function of the gradual loss of cells. 

In conclusion, damaged mesangial cells occupy a central position in renal fibrosis. With the expansion of the damaged cells and spread, the kidney of the healthy nephrons less, kidney fibrosis gradually progress.

3, immune complex deposition in the glomerular subcutaneous:Normal healthy glomerular endothelial cells have their normal function, when the endothelial cells are damaged, the structure changes, the function also changes accordingly. After the damage of endothelial cells decreased anticoagulant activity, promote platelet adhesion and aggregation, leading to glomerular capillary microthrombosis, ischemia and hypoxia; Moreover, due to damage, NO (nitric oxide), PGI2 (Prostacyclin) and other vasodilator factors to reduce the secretion of angiotensin increased, leading to vasoconstriction, resulting in renal hypertension; In addition, the damaged charge filtration barrier obstruction, basement membrane injury increased permeability. 

Endothelial cells damaged after the three results of interaction, and further lead to local renal microcirculation, partial glomerular sclerosis, and the emergence of hematuria, proteinuria and other clinical manifestations.Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in many ways, mainly for the antigen-antibody response caused by allergic reactions.

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Chronic glomerulonephritis common symptoms

Different ways of onset, some patients began to no obvious symptoms, only in the examination found that proteinuria or blood pressure. Most patients after the onset of fatigue, fatigue, headache, swelling, blood pressure or anemia and other symptoms. A small number of patients with acute onset, swelling significantly, a large number of proteinuria and so on. There are always asymptomatic, until the emergence of vomiting, bleeding and other uremia performance side of the treatment.

Basics About Chronic Nephritis

1. Common type of performance for the moderate degree of proteinuria (daily discharge of 1.5-2.5 grams), urine often red blood cells and tube, accompanied by mild to moderate edema and blood pressure. This type of progress is slow, late have different degrees of renal dysfunction.

2. Kidney type has a common type of performance, but a large number of proteinuria as a prominent, daily discharge of more than 3.5 grams. Plasma albumin decreased, cholesterol concentration can be significantly increased. Significant edema is often the main symptom. More associated with progressive renal impairment.

What is the Main Causes of Chronic Nephritis

3. Hypertension in addition to ordinary type of performance, the persistence of moderate blood pressure above the characteristics of high pressure often in the 20.0-24.0 kPa or so, low pressure often 12.0-16.0 kPa or so. This type of cardiovascular complications, rapid deterioration of renal function. Diastolic blood pressure at 1.6 kPa or more, can occur in hypertensive encephalopathy and cerebral hemorrhage.

In addition, the clinical manifestations are not obvious, the daily urinary protein excretion of less than 1 gram, said hidden type. Due to fatigue, catch cold, infection caused by acute hair, called acute attack type. In the progression of the disease, there are varying degrees of renal dysfunction, can also be called the type of renal dysfunction. The above types can often be transformed into each other, the clinical common type is the most common.

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