First, acute renal failure
(Urine volume "400mL / d) or no urine (urine volume" 50mL / d), electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders and acute uremia, also showed non-oliguria (urine "1000mL / d). Treatment is timely, appropriate, renal function can be restored. Complicated condition, critically ill patients or improper handling can be converted to chronic renal insufficiency or death.
Acute renal failure clinical manifestations of oliguric acute renal tubular necrosis. Divided into three periods:
1, less urinary period. Urine loss caused by hyperkalemia, water poisoning (severe swelling, high blood pressure, pulmonary edema or brain edema), metabolic acidosis and acute uremic symptoms. Hyperkalemia and water poisoning as the main cause of death.
2, polyuria. Renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration after the increase in urine output increased, so that potassium, sodium decreased, persistent polyuria patients can die of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
3, recovery period. Urine urine volume decreased to normal, blood Bun, creatinine (Scr) and electrolytes were restored to normal levels, but the renal tubular function and structure returned to normal still need 3 to 6 months. Those who failed to recover were converted to chronic renal failure. Non-oliguric urine, although a lot of urine, but blood Bun, Scr increased daily and symptoms of poisoning, because the kidney injury is light, so the prognosis is good.
Second, chronic renal failure
1, early manifestations of weakness, poor spirit, after the emergence of poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and other digestive symptoms.
2, the disease further development of anemia, palpitations, skin itching, limb sensory abnormalities, numbness.
3, late invasion and cardiovascular system of hypertension, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and heart failure; invasion of the blood system with severe anemia; invasion of the respiratory system of interstitial pneumonia, invasion of the central nervous system Expression indifferent, attention can not be concentrated, severe cases have seizures and coma, but also the performance of lower limb peripheral neuropathy.
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